Bioremediation is the use of living organisms for the recovery or cleaning up of a contaminated medium such as soil, sediment, air, or water. Nowadays, the world is facing the problem of different environmental pollution. Factors of bioremediation the control and optimization of bioremediation processes is a complex system of many factors. Whether bioremediation is the appropriate cleanup remedy for a site is dependent on whether the rate and extent of contaminant degradation is sufficient to maintain low risks to human or environmental receptors. Bioremediation is the use of biological agents to remove or neutralize contaminants. An aid to the development of bioremediation proposals. There are several remedies where contaminated water or solid is purified by chemical treatment, incineration, and burial in a. For example, biostimulation, bioaugementation, bioventing.
In many cases, bioremediation is less expensive and more sustainable than other remediation alternatives. For immediate assistance with biohazard remediation, contact aftermath today. Bioremediation of many such recalcitrant compounds has been successfully field tested see the case examples in boxes 41 and 43, in chapter 4. Many books are specialized in specific applications of bioremediation such as bioremediation of mtbe 48, perchlorate 49. Dec 03, 2016 bioremediation is a waste management technique that involves the use of organisms to remove or neutralize pollutants from a contaminated site. Biodegradation basically involves the conversion of complex organic molecules to simpler and mostly nontoxic ones.
However, the word bioremediation has evolved in recent years to include biohazard removal and crime. Hindu college, nagercoil, tamil nadu, india key words. Redox potentials provide an indication of the relative dominance of the electron acceptor classes. According to the united states epa, bioremediation is. It is a type of waste management technique which involves the use of organisms to remove or utilize the pollutants from a polluted area. Bioremediation had been independently identified as a potential emerging technology within weeks of the spill. Some of the most common types of bioremediation are microbial bioremediation, phytoremediation, and mycoremediation. Some examples of bioremediation technologies are bioventing, landfarming, bioreactor, compositing, bioaugmentation, rhizofiltration, and biostimulaiton. Bioremediation is a useful technique for removing contaminants from various environments. Bioremediation is the use of microorganisms, plants or fungi to enhance the conversion of harmful toxic environmental wastes and contaminants into harmless nontoxic substances.
Article types of bioremediation and their modes of action. Bioremediation is the process of using biological organisms to break down hazardous substances into less toxic or nontoxic substances. In this lesson, we will examine the role of microbes in bioremediation and why it is not a perfect solution for degrading environmental. Bioremediation is the process of using biological organisms to break down hazardous. The state of the art of bioremediation technology as well as examples of more or less successful case studies are published in many books during the last 20 years 14, 16, 19, 25, 26, 29, 31, 35, 37, 3941, 4345, 47. Pdf a brief outline of the development of bioremediation.
Bioremediation can either be carried out ex situ or in situ, depending on several factors, which include but not limited to cost, site characteristics, type and concentration of pollutants. Bioremediation using microorganisms shows great potential for future development due to its environmental compatibility and possible costeffectiveness. Recently, research has intensified on bioremediation of less easily degraded compounds, such as chlorinated solvents, pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls pcbs. The major features and limitations are discussed, and an overview of the current state of the. Read this article to learn about the biodegradation and bioremediation in details with diagrams. Vidali dipartimento di chimica inorganica, metallorganica, e analitica, universita di padova via loredan, padova, italy. In this lesson youll learn about some of the applications and uses of bioremediation. Fundamental principles of bioremediation an aid to the. History of bioremediation 1972 first commercial application. Remediate means to solve a problem and bioremediate means to use biological organisms to solve an environmental problem such as contaminated soil or groundwater. Bioremediation bioremediation refers to the process of using microorganisms to remove the environmental pollutants or prevent pollution. Microbes are very small organisms, such as bacteria, that live naturally in the environment. Treating contaminated soils onsite at bioremediation facilities. As the name suggests, the bacteria is stimulated to initiate the process.
Bioremediation is an option that enhances the efficacy of the natural biodegradation process of the ocean. The removal of organic wastes by microbes for environmental cleanup is the essence of bioremediation. Bioremediation is a biological mechanism of recycling wastes in to another form that can use and reused by other organisms. Figure 22 illustrates the differences between the two.
A brief outline of the development of bioremediation technologies is presented. Many microorganisms, plants and fungi are able to bind, extract andor transform contaminants to create less toxic, healthier, and increasingly resilient and vital ecosystems. Bioremediation techniques used in environmental biotechnology. Biodegradation or biological degradation is the phenomenon of biological transformation of organic compounds by living organisms, particularly the microorganisms. Bioremediation is a biological mechanism of recycling wastes in to another form that can used and reused by other organisms. Bioremediation is a treatment technology that uses biodegradation of organic and metallic contaminants through stimulation of indigenous microbial populations by providing certain amendments, such as adding oxygen, limiting. Various organic nutrient sources were employed in bioremediation of used motor oil in soil by abioye et al 2012. Vidali dipartimento di chimica inorganica, metallorganica, e analitica, universita di padova via loredan, 4 35128 padova, italy abstract. Only very few examples exists where classic efficient bioremediation principles have been applied.
The 4 examples below will help you gain a better understanding of bioremediation and its uses. Sep 16, 2016 remediation of polluted sites using microbial process bioremediation has proven effective and reliable due to its ecofriendly features. Bioremediation is a biotechnical process, which abates or cleans up contamination. This cheap, safe andenvironmentfriendly method of treating environmental wastes and contaminants was invented by george m. Human activity has introduced many toxic substances into the environments soil. Bioremediation process types of bioremediation examples. For example, perchloroethylene and trichloroethylene may degrade to vinyl.
Micro organism which perform the function of bioremediation is known as bioremediators. Bioremediation is an ecofriendly process of the degradation of toxic pollutants into nontoxic or less hazardous substances mediated by microbial enzymes. Some typical examples of bioremediation technologies involve bioventing, biosparging, bioaugmentation, land farming, composting, and. Sun oil pipeline spill in ambler, pennsylvania 1970s continuing bioremediation projects by richard raymond of sun oil mid1980s emphasis on bioengineering organisms for bioremediation. Bioremediation is an option that offers the possibility to destroy or render harmless various contaminants using natural biological activity. For example in the cases of methyl tertiarybutyl ether mtbe, which is a fuel additive very soluble in water, chlorinated solvents and hydrocarbons in groundwater. Bioremediation techniquesclassification based on site of. Oil spill response with bioremediation agent type ea bearing out as a workable first response alternative to the use of chemical dispersants, contrasting e. Bioremediation is a process that uses mainly microorganisms, plants, or microbial or plant enzymes to detoxify contaminants in the soil and other environments. Bioremediation is the use of microorganisms for the degradation of hazardous chemicals in soil, sediments, water, or other contaminated materials.
This technology did not live up to its initial promise. Bioremediation of polluted waters using microorganisms. Not all contaminants, however, are easily treated by bioremediation using microorganisms. Bioremediation can be defined as the ability of certain biomolecules or types of biomass to bind and concentrate selected ions or other molecules present in aqueous solutions. Bioremediation can be grouped into two broad types. These documents are available in pdf format on the internet from the u. Pdf applications of bioremediation and phytoremediation. This cheap, safe and environmentfriendly method of treating environmental wastes and contaminants was invented by george m. Fundamental principles of bioremediation mississippi. Aug 15, 2011 because of the difficulty of achieving sufficient oil removal by physical washing and collection, especially for oil that had moved into the subsurface, bioremediation became a prime candidate for continuing treatment of the shoreline. Bioremediation is a process used to treat contaminated media, including water, soil and subsurface material, by altering environmental conditions to stimulate growth of microorganisms and degrade the target pollutants. Biodegradation of various hazardous pollutants through the application of different enzymes from bacteria and fungi have been widely studied. Different types of microbial electron acceptor classes can be involved in bioremediation, such as oxygen, nitrate, manganese, iron iii, sulfate, or carbon dioxidereducing, and their corresponding redox potentials. Bioremediation stimulates the growth of certain microbes that use contaminants as a source of food and.
Vidali encyclopedia of life support systems eolss bioremediation. Bioremediation techniques fall into four categories in situ treatment, composting, land farming, and above ground reactors. Bioremediation of soil contaminated with 5% and 15% ww of spent oil and amended with 15% of brewery spent grain bsg, banana skin bs, and spent mushroom compost smc was studied for a period of 84 days ex situ. Bioremediation, contaminants, monitoring and saturation received 16 march 2011. Bioremediation can be used in locations that cannot readily be treated other than. Different types of bioremediation biohazard remediation. Bioremediation o conducted under controlled conditions, biositesm bioremediation uses a combination of chemicals and microorganisms to naturally break down hazardous materials into nonhazardous substances that can be recycled or buried in conventional landfills.
See table 1 for a list of contaminants potentially suitable for bioremediation. Vidali encyclopedia of life support systems eolss recalcitrant molecules. Bioremediation in this sense involves the cleanup of blood and other bodily fluids that can pose health risks such as. Bioremediation uses living organisms to clean up pollution. Intrinsic bioremediation manages the innate capabilities of naturally occurring microbial communities to degrade environmental pollutants without taking any engineering steps to enhance the process.
1461 647 539 474 918 312 628 1191 1157 1434 567 449 1070 1167 228 1500 84 1221 970 733 510 1294 397 134 590 510 44 863